Voluntary Remediation Program Risk Assessment Guidance

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction
2.0 Data Collection and Evaluation
2.1 Sampling Methodology
2.1.1 Soil
2.1.2 Groundwater
2.1.2.1 Filtered Versus Unfiltered Samples
2.1.2.2 Direct Push Versus Monitoring Wells
2.1.3 Surface Water
2.1.3.1 Filtered Versus Unfiltered Samples for Inorganics
2.1.4 Sediment
2.1.5 Air
2.1.6 Biota
2.2 Analytical Methods
2.3 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
2.3.1
Detection Limits
2.4 Screening for Chemicals of Potential Concern
2.4.1 Tier I
2.4.2 Tier II
2.4.2.1 Soil
2.4.2.2 Groundwater
2.4.2.3 Surface Water
2.4.2.4 Sediment
2.4.3 Tier III
2.4.3.1 Soil
2.4.3.2 Groundwater
2.4.3.3 Soil Gas
2.5 Chemical-Specific Issues
3.0 Exposure Assessment
3.1 Selection of Exposure Pathways
3.1.1 Unrestricted Sites
3.1.1.1 Media
3.1.1.2 Receptors
3.1.1.3 Routes of Exposure
3.1.2 Restricted Sites
3.1.2.1 Media
3.1.2.2 Receptors
3.1.2.3 Routes of Exposure
3.2 Determining Exposure Point Concentrations
3.2.1 Exposure Modeling
3.2.2 Exposure of Workers to Volatiles in a Construction/Utility Trench
3.2.2.1 Groundwater Greather Than 15 Feet Deep
3.2.2.2 Groundwater Less Than or Equal to 15 Feet Deep
3.3 Determining Chemical Intakes
3.3.1 Exposure Equations
3.3.1.1 Dermal Exposures
3.3.1.1.1 Groundwater or Surface Water
3.3.1.1.2 Soil or Sediment
3.3.1.2
Ingestion of Contaminated Media
3.3.1.2.1 Groundwater
3.3.1.2.2 Surface Water
3.3.1.2.3 Soil or Sediment
3.3.1.2.4 Aquatic Organisms
3.3.1.3 Inhalation
3.3.2 Exposure Factors
3.3.2.1 Residents
3.3.2.2 Construction/Utility Workers
3.3.2.3 Commercial/Industrial Workers
3.3.2.4 Recreational Visitors/Trespassers
4.0 Toxicity Assessment
4.1 Carcinogens
4.2 Non-Carcinogens
5.0 Risk Characterization
5.1 Carcinogens
5.2 Non-Carcinogens
5.3 Uncertainty Analysis
6.0 Determining Remediation Levels
6.1 Groundwater or Surface Water
6.1.1 Carcinogens
6.1.1.1 Dermal
6.1.1.2 Ingestion
6.1.1.3 Inhalation
6.1.2 Noncarcinogens
6.1.2.1 Dermal
6.1.2.2 Ingestion
6.1.2.3 Inhalation
6.2 Soil or Sediment
6.2.1 Carcinogens
6.2.1.1 Dermal
6.2.1.2 Ingestion
6.2.1.3 Inhalation
6.2.2 Noncarcinogens
6.2.2.1 Dermal
6.2.2.2 Ingestion
6.2.2.3 Inhalation
6.3 Calculation Notes
7.0 References
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Virginia Department of
Environmental Quality
629 East Main Street
P.O. Box 1105
Richmond, VA 23218
(804)698-4000

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