Mid-Atlantic Ocean Conservation
In June 2009, the governors of Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey and New York signed a Mid-Atlantic Regional Ocean Conservation Agreement to create the Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean (MARCO). This Council advocates in one voice to leverage greater state influence on the management of mid-Atlantic offshore areas and to direct federal and interstate actions and resources.
MARCO Press Release - Virginia Office of the Governor (June 4, 2009)
"Moving in the Right Direction" - Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean Highlights - March 2011 report highlighting MARCO's accomplishments to-date (pdf on MARCO website)
Download Agreement (pdf)
MARCO Regional Mapping and Planning Portal Is On-Line!
One of the “shared actions” the five states undertook was the development of a regional GIS portal through which Mid-Atlantic Ocean data layers can be publicly viewed. This marine spatial planning tool, developed in partnership with The Nature Conservancy and funded by the Virginia CZM Program, provides a context and framework for ecosystem based management approaches that consider all human uses and ecosystem elements, including sensitive habitats and species.
Mid-Atlantic Governors Priorities
Make the region a national leader in the sustainable development of alternative energy in offshore areas.
Prepare the region’s coastal communities for the impacts of climate change on the region’s ocean and coastal resources.
Integrate protection of sensitive and unique offshore areas on a regional scale.
Promote the region’s coastal water quality impairments as a necessary focal point for regional action.
Mid-Atlantic Governor's Actions
Reduce the region’s reliance on fossil fuels and increase its energy independence by making the Mid-Atlantic a leader in the appropriate development of offshore wind energy.
Assess and address the key vulnerabilities of the region’s coastal residents, property, and economic and environmental infrastructure from climate change impacts.
Protect the region’s ecologically significant offshore habitats. Starting with the ten offshore canyons, identify measures to ensure the long term protection of sensitive habitats.
Support the health of the region’s tourism and fishing industries by addressing threats to water quality.
Thank the Ocean!
There are actions we all take every day that can help to keep our ocean a healthy and thriving place. Link to the Thank You Ocean campaign site for examples of small steps that you can take to do your part in ocean conservation and reduce energy consumption. It can be your way to say “Thank you ocean”.
Excerpt from MARCO Agreement -
"The ocean waters of the Mid-Atlantic, stretching from New York to Virginia, provide a wealth of economic and environmental services to local communities, States, and the nation. At the same time, the people of the Mid-Atlantic region are a significant force that influences our ocean and coastal environment. As the intensity of these human influences has increased, they have at times led to significant threats to the health of our ecosystems...'
... Therefore we, the Governors of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia, are coming together to advance a regional approach for addressing the challenges facing our region’s resources."
Focus of MARCO
Offshore Habitats:
Vital estuaries, fed by large rivers and countless tributaries, a broad sandy continental shelf, cold water coral reefs, deep submarine canyons – these are some of the diverse ocean and nearshore habitats of the Mid-Atlantic region. They support a rich diversity of marine life, including sea turtles, whales, dolphins, seabirds, and an array of fish and crustaceans. This ecological wealth supports valuable commercial and recreational fisheries, and shares the ocean with other economic activities, including shipping, dredged material disposal, and sand and gravel mining. Offshore energy development in the form of wind farms is almost certain to join this list.
As ocean uses intensify, so too does the need to understand potential impacts to marine habitats and wildlife, and how best to manage the human activities that affect complex ocean ecosystems on which humans depend for food, recreation, energy and even health. Although the states’ jurisdictions only extend 3 nautical miles offshore, all of the states have a vast economic and ecological interest in the habitats located both within and beyond 3 nautical miles.
Water Quality:
The beaches and shores of the Mid-Atlantic Ocean generate billions of dollars in tourism-related revenue each year, and are a major economic driver for the five ocean-going states of the region. Commercial and recreational fisheries also support coastal communities and provide significant economic output. These activities rely on maintaining the high water quality of the Mid-Atlantic Ocean to ensure the protection of human health through swimmable and fishable water. Significant regulatory efforts and investments in infrastructure have resulted in great improvements to water quality, and many sources of pollution are being addressed by state and federal programs. To a large degree, the remaining threats to keeping the region’s beaches clean and addressing seafood safety can be tied to, urban and agricultural runoff – particularly during storm events - air emissions and aging wastewater treatment infrastructure. These causes continue to contribute to beach closures, marine debris, contaminated seafood, fishing gear fouling, oxygen-starved “dead zones” (hypoxia), eutrophication, and harmful algal blooms. Of high interest to the Mid-Atlantic States is the continued health of our ocean shoreline.
Renewable Energy:
There is an urgency for increased attention to the Mid-Atlantic region’s energy resources due to high population and industrial needs. The Atlantic Ocean currently plays roles in many types of energy development and related activities in the region including oil and gas, LNG, and as a means to transport fossil fuels. These ocean waters, however, are also host to tremendous, virtually untapped, sources of renewable energy. Waves, tides and currents, collectively referred to as hydrokinetics, provide energy as a result of fluid flow. Salinity and thermal gradient differences create an additional source of retrievable energy. A third form of offshore renewable energy is the conversion of wind for power.
Climate Change:
The economy, environment and quality of life of the Mid-Atlantic region are anticipated to be significantly impacted by climate change and associated sea level rise in coming decades with some impacts already being witnessed in the form of increased air and water temperatures, sea level rise, and ocean acidity. Conservative projections estimate Mid-Atlantic sea level rise to be on the order of 1 meter by the year 2100, with ongoing research continuing to inform scientific understanding on a recurring basis. This increase would result in the threat of more sustained extreme storm surges, increased coastal erosion, inundation of coastal wetlands, saline intrusion of coastal aquifers, and upward migration of estuarine salt fronts into formerly freshwater reaches.
Projected sea level rise is also expected to severely impact sensitive coastal landscapes and habitats, impacting wetland, beach, and estuarine regions, affecting their biological productivity, protection of human development and their own ability to survive and migrate in response to sea level changes.
The high population density of the Mid-Atlantic region has resulted in substantial infrastructure development that is now vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and sea level rise. Such infrastructure, including roads, rails, ports, airports and sewage treatment plants, is crucial to the continued economic vitality of the region. Due to historic development patterns, high population density, and infrastructure needs, these services were typically constructed in areas vulnerable to periodic flooding or permanent inundation under present and accelerated rates of sea level rise. Impacts to any of these key infrastructure elements quickly cascades throughout the socioeconomic system of the region.
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This web site is provided by the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program through a federal Coastal Zone Management Act grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce.